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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adiponitril</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Chemikalie" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Chemikalie">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Strukturformel
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis skin-invert-image" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td></tr>










<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Allgemeines
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:33%;">Name
</td>
<td>Adiponitril
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Andere Namen
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>ADN</li>
<li>Adipodinitril</li>
<li>Adipinsäuredinitril</li>
<li>Hexandisäuredinitril</li>
<li>1,4-Dicyanobutan</li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Summenformel" title="Summenformel">Summenformel</a>
</td>
<td>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>2</sub>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kurzbeschreibung
</td>
<td>
<p>farblose, fast geruchlose Flüssigkeit<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" data-expandtext="+" data-collapsetext="−" style="border-top:none; margin:-1px; width:calc(100% + 2px);">

<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:33%;"><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=111-69-3">111-69-3</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; border-top:1px solid #FFDEAD; padding:0.2em 0; vertical-align:bottom; width:5%;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2">203-896-3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.003.543">100.003.543</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8128">8128</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.13876621.html">13876621</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td style="border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84062" class="extiw external" title="d:Q84062">Q84062</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>








<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Molare Masse</a>
</td>
<td>108,14 g·<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>flüssig<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>0,96 g·cm<sup>−3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>2,3 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>295 °C<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Dampfdruck" title="Dampfdruck">Dampfdruck</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>0,3 <a href="Pascal_(Einheit)" title="Pascal (Einheit)">Pa</a> (20 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="L%C3%B6slichkeit" title="Löslichkeit">Löslichkeit</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>löslich in Wasser (50 g·l<sup>−1</sup> bei 20 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Brechungsindex" title="Brechungsindex">Brechungsindex</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>1,4380 (20&nbsp;°C)<sup id="cite_ref-CRC90_3_10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC90_3_10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">




<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="06 – Giftig oder sehr giftig"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Giftig bei Verschlucken.">301</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Gesundheitsschädlich bei Einatmen.">332</span></span></a>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Verschlucken: Sofort Giftinformationszentrum, Arzt oder … anrufen. Mund ausspülen.">301+310+330</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Einatmen: Die Person an die frische Luft bringen und für ungehinderte Atmung sorgen. Bei Unwohlsein Giftinformationszentrum, Arzt oder … anrufen.">304+340+312</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<td><a href="Toxizit%C3%A4t" title="Toxizität">Toxikologische Daten</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>155 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (<a href="Letale_Dosis" title="Letale Dosis">LD<sub>50</sub></a>,&nbsp;<a href="Ratten" title="Ratten">Ratte</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Peroral" title="Peroral">oral</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>






<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:150%; padding:.25em;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> (0 °C, 1000&nbsp;hPa). Brechungsindex: <a href="Natrium-D-Linie" title="Natrium-D-Linie">Na-D-Linie</a>, 20&nbsp;°C
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Adiponitril</b> (ADN, Adipinsäuredinitril, Hexandisäuredinitril) gehört zu den aliphatischen <a href="Nitril" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitril">Nitrilen</a> und ist ein Zwischenprodukt der <a href="Polyamide" title="Polyamide">Polyamidherstellung</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herstellung">Herstellung</h2></div>
<p>Adiponitril wird hauptsächlich durch <a href="Hydrocyanierung" title="Hydrocyanierung">Hydrocyanierung</a> von <a href="1%2C3-Butadien" title="1,3-Butadien">1,3-Butadien</a> hergestellt. Dabei wird <a href="Cyanwasserstoff" title="Cyanwasserstoff">Blausäure</a> an die <a href="Doppelbindung" title="Doppelbindung">Doppelbindungen</a> des Butadiens addiert. Verwendete <a href="Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysatoren</a> basieren auf <a href="Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> oder <a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<p>Zwei weitere Verfahren beruhen auf der <a href="Dimer" title="Dimer">Dimerisierung</a> von <a href="Acrylnitril" title="Acrylnitril">Acrylnitril</a>.
</p>
<ul><li>Die <a href="Elektrochemie" title="Elektrochemie">elektrochemische</a> <a href="Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">Reduktion</a> führt über eine Hydrodimerisierung direkt zu Adiponitril. Die Zelle für die Elektrosynthese enthält <a href="Anode" title="Anode">anodisch</a> verdünnte <a href="Schwefels%C3%A4ure" title="Schwefelsäure">Schwefelsäure</a> und über ein Diaphragma abgetrennt <a href="Kathode" title="Kathode">kathodisch</a> eine wässrige Lösung von Acrylnitril und Salze der <a href="4-Toluolsulfons%C3%A4ure" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Toluolsulfonsäure">4-Toluolsulfonsäure</a> als Lösungsvermittler für das wenig in Wasser lösliche Acrylnitril.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ CH_{2}{=}CH{-}CN+2\ H^{+}+2\ e^{-}\longrightarrow NC{-}(CH_{2})_{4}{-}CN} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ CH_{2}{=}CH{-}CN+2\ H^{+}+2\ e^{-}\longrightarrow NC{-}(CH_{2})_{4}{-}CN} }</annotation>
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<ul><li>Die katalytische Dimerisierung ergibt ungesättigtes Hexendinitril, das zu Adiponitril <a href="Hydrierung" title="Hydrierung">hydriert</a> wird.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Im Labor kann es durch nucleophile Substitution von <a href="1%2C4-Dichlorbutan" title="1,4-Dichlorbutan">1,4-Dichlorbutan</a> mit <a href="Natriumcyanid" title="Natriumcyanid">NaCN</a> in <a href="Dimethylsulfoxid" title="Dimethylsulfoxid">DMSO</a> hergestellt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Kürzlich wurde über ein <a href="Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie">biotechnologisches Verfahren</a> zur Herstellung von Adiponitril berichtet, bei dem auf die Verwendung giftiger Blausäure (oder von Cyaniden) verzichtet wird. Der Schlüsselschritt ist die zweifache <a href="Wasserabspaltung" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasserabspaltung">Wasserabspaltung</a> aus dem Hexandialdoxim, bei der Adiponitril gebildet wird. Dieser Schritt wird durch eine Aldoximdehydratase katalysiert.<sup id="cite_ref-Gröger_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gröger-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Betke_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Betke-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Adiponitril wird in großem Umfang zu <a href="Hexamethylendiamin" title="Hexamethylendiamin">Hexamethylendiamin</a> hydriert.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dieses ist ein Ausgangsstoff für die Herstellung von <a href="Polyamide" title="Polyamide">PA6.6</a>. Die zweite Komponente, <a href="Adipins%C3%A4ure" title="Adipinsäure">Adipinsäure</a>, wird ausgehend von <a href="Cyclohexan" title="Cyclohexan">Cyclohexan</a> hergestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-9">j</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=028410">Adiponitril</a></span> in der <a href="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank" title="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank">GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank</a> des <a href="Institut_f%C3%BCr_Arbeitsschutz_der_Deutschen_Gesetzlichen_Unfallversicherung" title="Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung">IFA</a>, abgerufen am 3.&nbsp;Januar 2023.<small class="noscript"><span></span> (JavaScript erforderlich)</small></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CRC90_3_10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC90_3_10_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David R. Lide (Hrsg.): <i><a href="CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i>. 90.&nbsp;Auflage. (Internet-Version: 2010), CRC Press&nbsp;/ Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton FL, <i>Physical Constants of Organic Compounds</i>, S.&nbsp;3-10.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ji Yang, Peng Wang, Helfried Neumann, Ralf Jackstell, Matthias Beller: <cite style="font-style:italic">Industrially applied and relevant transformations of 1,3-butadiene using homogeneous catalysts</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Industrial Chemistry &amp; Materials</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, 2023, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>155–174</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00009E">10.1039/D3IM00009E</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Adiponitril&amp;rft.atitle=Industrially+applied+and+relevant+transformations+of+1%2C3-butadiene+using+homogeneous+catalysts&amp;rft.au=Ji+Yang%2C+Peng+Wang%2C+Helfried+Neumann%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft.doi=10.1039%2FD3IM00009E&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Industrial+Chemistry+%26+Materials&amp;rft.pages=155-174&amp;rft.volume=1" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang-Dieter Luz, Eberhard Zirngiebl: <i>Die Zukunft der Elektrochemie.</i> In: <i>Chemie in unserer Zeit.</i> 23, 1989, S.&nbsp;151–160, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19890230503">10.1002/ciuz.19890230503</a></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J.R. Jennings, R.J. Cozens: <cite style="font-style:italic">Catalytic dimerisation of acrylonitrile.</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Applied Catalysis A: General</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>124</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, April 1995, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>297–315</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-860X%2894%2900260-6">10.1016/0926-860X(94)00260-6</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Adiponitril&amp;rft.atitle=Catalytic+dimerisation+of+acrylonitrile.&amp;rft.au=J.R.+Jennings%2C+R.J.+Cozens&amp;rft.date=1995-04&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2F0926-860X%2894%2900260-6&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Catalysis+A%3A+General&amp;rft.pages=297-315&amp;rft.volume=124" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prepchem.com/synthesis-of-adiponitrile/"><i>Synthesis of adiponitrile - PrepChem.com.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 11.&nbsp;Juli 2018</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAdiponitril&amp;rft.title=Synthesis+of+adiponitrile+-+PrepChem.com&amp;rft.description=Synthesis+of+adiponitrile+-+PrepChem.com&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prepchem.com%2Fsynthesis-of-adiponitrile%2F&amp;rft.date=&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Gröger-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gröger_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Harald_Gr%C3%B6ger" title="Harald Gröger">Harald Gröger</a>: <i>Biokatalyse – Lösungsansätze entlang der chemischen Wertschöpfungskette</i> BIOspektrum 25 (2019), S.&nbsp;786–789, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12268-019-0093-3" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/s12268-019-0093-3">doi: 10.1007/s12268-019-0093-3</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Betke-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Betke_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Betke, M. Maier, H. Gruber-Wölfler, H. Gröger: <i>Biocatalytic production of adiponitrile and related aliphatic linear α,ω-dinitriles</i>, Nature Commun. 2018, 9, 5112, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-0743-0" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1038/s41467-018-0743-0">doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-0743-0</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R Ramachandran: <cite style="font-style:italic">An overview of industrial uses of hydrogen</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>23</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>7</span>, Juli 1998, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>593–598</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199%2897%2900112-2">10.1016/S0360-3199(97)00112-2</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Adiponitril&amp;rft.atitle=An+overview+of+industrial+uses+of+hydrogen&amp;rft.au=R+Ramachandran&amp;rft.date=1998-07&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2FS0360-3199%2897%2900112-2&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy&amp;rft.pages=593-598&amp;rft.volume=23" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alex Tullo: <cite style="font-style:italic">Industry braces for nylon 6,6 shortage</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">C&amp;EN Global Enterprise</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>96</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>40</span>, 8.&nbsp;Oktober 2018, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>22–23</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09640-feature3">10.1021/cen-09640-feature3</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Adiponitril&amp;rft.atitle=Industry+braces+for+nylon+6%2C6+shortage&amp;rft.au=Alex+Tullo&amp;rft.date=2018-10-08&amp;rft.doi=10.1021%2Fcen-09640-feature3&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=40&amp;rft.jtitle=C%26EN+Global+Enterprise&amp;rft.pages=22-23&amp;rft.volume=96" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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